A na-enye ọrụ mmalite nke onye mbido site na usoro pụrụ iche - draịva Starter (nke a na-akpọkarị "Bendix"), nke na-ejikọta njigide na-emebiga ihe ókè, gia na ndụdụ ụgbọala.Gụọ banyere ihe a Starter mbanye, ụdị ọ bụ, otú e si hazie ya na-arụ ọrụ na isiokwu a.
Kedu ihe bụ mbanye mmalite?
Ụgbọ ala na-amalite bụ usoro nke usoro mmalite nke engine combustion n'ime, nke bụ njikọ dị n'etiti igwe ọkụ eletrik na igwe ọkụ ọkụ.The actuator nwere ọrụ abụọ:
• Ijikọ onye na-amalite na engine iji nyefee torque site na moto mmalite na crankshaft flywheel;
• Nchedo nke mmalite site na ibufe ibu mgbe ịmalitere engine.
Ọrụ nchebe nke draịva mmalite bụ nke dị mkpa.Iji malite ike unit, ọ dị mkpa na crankshaft ya na-atụgharị na ugboro nke 60-200 rpm (maka mmanụ ụgbọala - obere, maka mmanụ dizel engines - ọzọ) - ọ bụ n'ihi na nke a angular ngwa ngwa e mere Starter.Otú ọ dị, mgbe ịmalite, rpm na-abawanye na 700-900 ma ọ bụ karịa, na nke a na-agbanwe ntụgharị ntụziaka, na-abịa site na flywheel na Starter.Mmụba na-agba ọsọ dị ize ndụ maka onye na-amalite, ya mere, ọ bụrụ na engine amalitela nke ọma, a ghaghị ịkwụsị ụgbọ elu ya na mmalite - nke a bụ ọrụ nke ụgbọala ahụ na-edozi.
N'usoro, draịva Starter na-ejikọta usoro atọ:
• Ihe eji ebugharị ụgbọ elu;
• njigide na-emebiga ihe ókè (ma ọ bụ freewheel);
• Jiri leash, aka uwe ma ọ bụ ndụdụ kwọọ clutch.
Usoro nke ọ bụla nwere ọrụ nke ya.The mbanye lever ejikọrọ na Starter traction relay na-ebute mbanye na ofufe nke moto, hụ na gia na-etinye aka na mgbanaka.Ngwa ụgbọala na-ebufe torque site na mmalite gaa na mgbanaka ofufe.Na njigide na-emebiga ihe ókè na-eme ka nnyefe nke torque si na rotor Starter na gia n'oge engine amalite, na-ekewapụ ụgbọala na flywheel mgbe mmalite engine nke ọma.
Ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ịmara na a na-akpọkarị ụgbọala Starter "Bendix" - nke a bụ n'ihi ụlọ ọrụ French Bendix.N'oge gara aga, akụkụ mapụtara nke ika a nwetara ama na mba anyị, ka oge na-aga, aha ahụ ghọrọ aha ezinụlọ.Taa, onye ọ bụla ọkwọ ụgbọala, mgbe ọ nụrụ okwu "Bendix", na-aghọta na anyị na-ekwu banyere Starter mbanye.
Ụdị draịva mmalite
A na-ekewa draịva mmalite nke a na-eji taa n'ụdị dịka nhazi nke njigide na-emebiga ihe ókè na usoro nke itinye eriri mbanye ( ndụdụ).
Enwere ike ijikọ lever na actuator n'ụzọ atọ:
• Iji njikọ na-ejikọta ya na annular chute - ihe ndị dị na mpi ndụdụ dị na chute;
• Iji eriri nwere oghere abụọ maka protrusion na mpi ndụdụ;
• Iji leash nwere ntụtụ abụọ (rectangular, cylindrical), nke a na-etinye mpi ndụdụ nwere oghere nke ọdịdị kwesịrị ekwesị.
N'otu oge ahụ, enwere ike ree draịva mmalite ma na-enweghị lever.
Dabere na nhazi nke njigide na-emebiga ihe ókè, a na-ekewa draịva Starter ụzọ abụọ buru ibu:
• Na ihe mkpuchi na-emebiga ihe ókè;
• N'iji njide na-emebiga ihe ókè.
Taa, a na-ejikarị ihe eji eme ihe na-emepụta ihe, nke nwere nhazi dị mfe, ntụkwasị obi na nnukwu iguzogide mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma na ụlọ engine (mmiri, mmanụ, unyi, oke okpomọkụ, wdg).A na-etinyekarị draịva Starter nwere njide ratchet karịrị akarị n'ụgbọala nwere nkeji ike dị ike.Njikọ Ratchet nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'okpuru ibu dị elu ma n'otu oge ahụ nwere obere ibu na ihe ngosi nha, na nke kachasị mkpa, ha na-enye nkwụsịtụ zuru oke nke torque.
The imewe na ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke Starter mbanye na a rola overrunning ipigide
Ndabere nke imewe nke Starter mbanye na freewheel roller clutch bụ mbanye (mpụta) onu, na-agbasawanye akụkụ nke cavities nke mgbanwe cross-ngalaba a pịrị maka echichi nke rollers na ha nrụgide iyi.N'ime oghere ụgbọala ahụ, a na-etinye oghere a na-ebugharị, jikọtara ya na ihe eji eme ihe, nke, n'oge ọrụ nke onye na-amalite, na-etinye aka na okpueze flywheel.Rollers na-arụnyere na ohere n'etiti mpụta elu nke chụpụrụ onu na cavities nke mbanye onu, ha na-akpali n'ime warara akụkụ nke cavities na enyemaka nke iyi (na mgbe ụfọdụ ọzọ plungers).A na-egbochi mfu nke rollers site na onye na-ekpochi mkpọchi, a na-ejikọtakwa ihe owuwu ahụ dum site na mkpuchi njikọ.
Na shank nke clip mbanye enwere njikọ, leash ma ọ bụ mgbanaka mgbakwunye ndụdụ, a na-akụ ya n'efu, ma dabere na akụkụ gbasaara nke clip ahụ site na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ.Iji gbochie njide ndụdụ ka ọ ghara ịpụ na shank nke clip ahụ, a na-edozi ya na mgbanaka na-ejide ya.Akụkụ dị n'ime nke mbanye mbanye nwere splines na-etinye aka na splines na rotor shaft nke mmalite ma ọ bụ gearbox.Site na njikọ spline, a na-ebufe torque site na ogwe aka na oghere ụgbọala na ihe niile na-amalite ịmalite.
Ụgbọ ala ahụ nwere ihe nrụnye na-emebiga ihe ókè na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a.Mgbe agbanwuru ọkụ ahụ, a na-akpalite relay traction nke Starter, armature ya na-adọta ndụdụ ahụ, nke, n'aka nke ya, na-ebugharị ụgbọala ahụ gaa n'ụgbọ elu.Ka ihe eji akwọ ụgbọala wee banye n'ụgbọ elu, ezé ya nwere bevels, mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-enyekwa aka ebe a (ọ na-ebelata ike nke mmetụta nke usoro ahụ, na-egbochi mmebi ezé na akụkụ ndị ọzọ).N'otu oge ahụ, moto Starter na-amalite, na torque site na ogwe ya na-ebufe na oghere ụgbọala.N'okpuru ọrụ nke isi iyi, ndị na-agbagharị n'ime oghere dị n'akụkụ dị warara nke oghere ndị ahụ, n'ihi nke a na-enwe nnukwu esemokwu n'etiti mgbidi nke oghere ndị ahụ, rollers na elu elu nke oghere a chụpụrụ.Ndị agha ndị a na-eme ka ntụgharị nke mbanye na obere vidiyo chụpụrụ, n'ozuzu ya - n'ihi ya, a na-ebufe torque site na mmalite na okpueze flywheel, na engine crankshaft na-atụgharị.
Site na mmalite na-aga nke ọma nke ike unit, angular velocity nke flywheel na-abawanye, na torque si na ya na-amalite ibunye ya na mmalite.Mgbe a ruru ụfọdụ ọsọ angular, ndị na-agbagharị na-agafe na oghere ndị dị n'okpuru ọrụ nke ndị agha centrifugal, na-agafe n'ime akụkụ gbasaa.N'ihi nke a ije, ndị frictional agha n'etiti mbanye na chụpụrụ mkpachị na-ebelata, na n'oge ụfọdụ akụkụ na-ekewa - torque eruba na-akwụsịtụ, na Starter rotor akwụsị n'ịtụgharị.N'otu oge ahụ, onye na-amalite na-agbanyụ, na ụgbọala n'okpuru omume nke mmiri (yana oblique ezé na aro) na-ewepụ na flywheel, na-alaghachi n'ọnọdụ mbụ ya.
Taa, e nwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche dị na imewe nke roller overrunning clutch, ma ha niile nwere ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ akọwara n'elu.A na-amata ngwa ngwa nkedo nke nwere eriri igwe na-adị mfe site na ọdịdị ya - njide ahụ nwere ọdịdị nke mgbanaka nke obere obosara n'akụkụ nke ngwa ahụ.
The imewe na ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke Starter mbanye na a ratchet overrunning clutch
Ndabere nke imewe nke ratchet freewheel clutch bụ ụzọ abụọ kpụrụ site na mbanye na nke ọkara-couplings na-ebugharị, na njedebe nke ezé sawtooth na-eme.The mbanye ọkara njikọ na-emi odude na ndu aka uwe, na-enwe njikọ na ya site a teepu eri, na n'ime aka uwe e nwere ogologo splines maka njikọ na Starter aro.N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, nakwa na bushes, ma ọ bụ naanị na-enweghị njikọ siri ike, enwere njikọ nke ọkara na-agba ọsọ, nke a na-ejikọta ya na ngwa ụgbọala.Sawtooth ezé na-mere na njedebe nke chụpụrụ clutch, nke nwere ike itinye aka na ezé nke mbanye ọkara njikọ.
N'okpuru njikọ nke halves e nwere usoro mkpọchi nke nwere mgbanaka nwere oghere conical ejikọrọ na ọkara mbanye, na crackers nwere njikọ ntụtụ na ọkara nke a chụpụrụ.N'ebe a na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, mgbanaka ahụ na-agbanye achịcha ahụ n'aka uwe aka.Site n'elu, a na-emechi akụkụ ndị na-ejikọta ọnụ na ahụ n'ụdị iko na-emeghe, n'akụkụ ya na-emeghe, e nwere mgbanaka mkpọchi nke na-egbochi njikọ nke a na-achụpụ ka ọ ghara ịpụ n'aka aka.
Ụgbọ ala ahụ nwere njide ratchet juputara na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a.Mgbe a na-agbanye ọkụ, dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, a na-ebute ụgbọala ahụ na flywheel, na gia na-etinye aka na okpueze ahụ.N'okwu a, ike axial na-eme, n'ihi nke abụọ njikọ halves na-etinye aka - ntụgharị site na mmalite na-ebufe na gia na flywheel.Mgbe engine amalite, torque eruba na-agbanwe ntụziaka, chụpụrụ ipigide ọkara na-amalite na-atụgharị ngwa ngwa karịa onye na-edu.Otú ọ dị, n'oge ntụgharị ntụgharị, njikọ aka n'etiti ezé nke njigide agaghịzi ekwe omume - n'ihi ọnụnọ nke bevels, ezé na-adaba n'elu ibe ha, na ọkara njikọ nke ụgbọala na-apụ na nke a chụpụrụ.N'otu oge ahụ, mgbanaka ahụ nwere oghere conical nke na-agbanye achịcha nke usoro mkpọchi ahụ na-atụgharị azụ, na crackers na-ebili n'akụkụ atụdo n'okpuru ọrụ nke ndị agha centrifugal.N'ịbụ ndị rutere n'ebe dị elu, a na-agbanye crackers na mgbanaka ahụ, na-edozi halves njikọ dị n'ebe dị anya site na ibe ha - n'ihi ya, a na-akwụsị nkwụsị nke torque.Mgbe agbanyụrụ onye mbido, ọkara njigide a chụpụrụ na-akwụsị ịtụgharị, crackers na-agbada, wepụ mkpọchi ahụ, draịvụ ahụ laghachiri n'ọnọdụ mbụ ya.
A na-amata mbanye Starter nke nwere njigide ratchet karịrị akarị site na ọdịdị ya - ọ nwere ọdịdị nke iko, n'ime ya dị n'ime ya.A na-eji usoro ndị dị otú ahụ ugbu a na gwongworo MAZ, Ural, KamaZ na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-22-2023