Igwe ọkụ ọkụ nke ọ bụla nwere isi cylinder (isi cylinder) - akụkụ dị mkpa nke, yana isi piston, na-eme ụlọ combustion, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na arụ ọrụ nke sistemu ike nke onye ọ bụla.Gụọ ihe niile gbasara isi cylinder, ụdị ha, imewe, ntinye, mmezi na nrụzi n'isiokwu a.
Gịnị bụ isi cylinder?
Isi cylinder (isi cylinder) bụ igwe njin ọkụ dị n'ime nke etinyere n'elu ngọngọ cylinder.
Isi cylinder bụ otu n'ime akụkụ bụ isi nke engine combustion n'ime, ọ na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ma na-ekpebi njirimara arụmọrụ ya.Ma isi na-enyefe ọtụtụ ọrụ:
• Ịmepụta ụlọ ọkụ - na akụkụ ala nke isi, nke dị n'elu cylinder ahụ, a na-eme ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ (akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpam kpam), a na-emepụta ụda olu ya zuru oke mgbe piston TDC ruru;
• Ngwunye ikuku ma ọ bụ mmanụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ụlọ ọkụ - a na-eme ka ọwa kwekọrọ (inweta) na isi cylinder;
• Mwepụ nke gas na-ekpochapụ site na ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ - a na-eme ka ọwa kwekọrọ na ya (mkpochapụ) na isi cylinder;
• Igwe oyi nke ike - na isi cylinder enwere ọwa mmiri nke jaket mmiri nke coolant na-ekesa;
• Ịhụ na ọrụ nke usoro nkesa gas (oge) - valves dị n'isi (ya na akụkụ niile metụtara ya - bushes, oche) na-emeghe ma na-emechi ọwa oriri na iyuzucha dị ka strok engine.Ọzọkwa, oge niile nwere ike ịnọ n'isi - camshaft (shafts) na bearings na gears, valvụ mbanye, mmiri mmiri na akụkụ ndị ọzọ metụtara ya;
• Lubrication nke akụkụ oge - ọwa na arịa na-eme n'isi, site na mmanụ na-asọba n'elu akụkụ nke ncha;
• N'ịhụ na ọrụ nke mmanụ ụgbọala injection usoro (na diesel na injection engines) na / ma ọ bụ usoro mgbanye (na mmanụ ụgbọala engines) - mmanụ ụgbọala injectors na / ma ọ bụ spark plugs nwere akụkụ ndị metụtara ya (yana dizel glow plugs) na-n'ịnyịnya na isi;
• Na-arụ ọrụ dị ka akụkụ ahụ maka ịkwanye ihe dị iche iche - ihe oriri na-ekpochapụ manifolds, sensọ, ọkpọkọ, brackets, rollers, cover na ndị ọzọ.
N'ihi ọrụ dịgasị iche iche dị otú ahụ, a na-etinye ihe ndị dị mkpa na isi cylinder, na imewe ya nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya.Ọzọkwa taa, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị isi nke a na-arụ ọrụ a kọwara n'otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ.
Ụdị isi cylinder
Ndị isi cylinder dị iche na nhazi, ụdị na ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ, ọnụnọ na ụdị oge, yana ebumnuche na ụfọdụ atụmatụ.
isi cylinder nwere ike inwe otu n'ime atụmatụ anọ:
• isi nkịtị maka cylinders niile na in-line engines;
• Isi ndị a na-ahụkarị maka otu ahịrị cylinders n'ụdị injin V;
• isi iche maka ọtụtụ cylinders nke multi-cylinder in-line engines;
• Onye isi cylinder n'otu n'otu na inline nke otu, abụọ na multi-cylinder, V-shaped na engines ndị ọzọ.
Ụdị isi nke ụlọ combustion nke engine combustion n'ime
N'ime igwe inline 2-6-cylinder a na-ahụkarị, a na-ejikarị isi isi kpuchie cylinder niile.N'elu igwe nke nwere ụdị V, a na-eji isi cylinder ndị a na-ahụkarị n'otu ahịrị cylinders na isi onye ọ bụla maka cylinder ọ bụla (dịka ọmụmaatụ, igwe CAMAZ 740 cylinder asatọ na-eji isi dị iche iche maka cylinder ọ bụla).A na-eji isi cylinder dị iche iche nke in-line engines eme ihe obere ugboro ugboro, na-abụkarị otu isi na-ekpuchi 2 ma ọ bụ 3 cylinders (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na engines dizel isii cylinders MMZ D-260 na-etinye isi abụọ - otu maka 3 cylinders).A na-eji isi cylinder nke onye ọ bụla na igwe dizel dizel dị ike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na igwe dizel Altai A-01), yana na nkeji ike nke imewe pụrụ iche (ọkpụkpụ abụọ-cylinder, kpakpando, wdg).Na ndammana, ọ bụ naanị ndị isi n'otu n'otu nwere ike iji na engines otu cylinder, nke na-arụkwa ọrụ nke radiator jụrụ oyi.
Dị ka ebe ụlọ ọkụ ahụ si dị, e nwere ụdị isi atọ:
• Na ụlọ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na isi cylinder - na nke a, a na-eji piston nwere ala dị larịị, ma ọ bụ nwee ihe mgbapụ;
• Na ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ na isi cylinder na piston - na nke a, a na-eme akụkụ nke ụlọ ọkụ na isi piston;
• Na ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ na piston - na nke a, ala ala nke isi cylinder dị larịị (ma enwere ike ịnwe nkwụsị maka ịwụnye valves na ọnọdụ mmasị).
N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ nwere ike inwe ụdị dị iche iche na nhazi: spherical and hemispherical, hipped, wedge and semi-wedge, flat-oval, cylindrical, complex (jikọtara).
Dị ka ọnụnọ nke oge akụkụ, isi nke unit bụ:
• Na-enweghị oge - isi nke multi-cylinder ala-valvụ na otu-cylinder abụọ-stroke valveless engines;
• Na valves, ogwe aka rocker na ihe ndị metụtara ya - isi engine nwere obere camshaft, akụkụ niile dị n'elu isi cylinder;
• Na oge zuru oke - camshaft, valvụ valvụ na valvụ nwere akụkụ ndị metụtara ya, akụkụ niile dị n'akụkụ elu nke isi.
N'ikpeazụ, ndị isi nwere ike kewaa dị ka nzube ha si dị n'ime ọtụtụ ụdị - maka mmanụ dizel, mmanụ ụgbọala na gas ike nkeji, maka obere ngwa ngwa na nke mmanye, maka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụlọ ọkụ, wdg N'ọnọdụ ndị a niile. , cylinder isi nwere ụfọdụ imewe atụmatụ - akụkụ, ọnụnọ nke jụrụ ma ọ bụ fin ọwa, udi nke combustion ụlọ, wdg Ma n'ozuzu, imewe nke ndị a niile isi bụ fundamentally otu.
cylinder isi imewe
Akụkụ nke isi cylinder
N'usoro, isi cylinder bụ akụkụ nke nkedo siri ike nke ihe eji eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu - taa ọ na-ejikarị aluminum alloys, nkedo na-acha ọcha na ụfọdụ alloys ndị ọzọ.A na-etolite akụkụ niile nke sistemu dị na ya n'isi - ọwa oriri na iyuzucha, oghere valvụ (a na-agbanye osisi ndị na-eduzi valvụ n'ime ha), ụlọ ọkụ, oche valvụ (ha nwere ike iji alloys siri ike mee ha), ebe nkwado maka ịrị elu. oge akụkụ, olulu mmiri na arịọnụ threaded oghere maka wụnye kandụl na / ma ọ bụ nozzles, jụrụ usoro ọwa, lubrication usoro ọwa, Ọ bụrụ na isi na-ezubere maka engine na ihe n'elu camshaft, mgbe ahụ, a bed na-guzobere ya elu elu maka Ịtọ aro. (site na liners).
N'akụkụ akụkụ nke isi cylinder ahụ, a na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi maka ịkwanye ihe oriri na ikpochapụ.A na-eme ntinye nke akụkụ ndị a site na mkpuchi gaskets nke na-ewepụ nkwụsị ikuku na nkwụsịtụ.N'elu engines nke oge a, ntinye nke ihe ndị a na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'isi na-eme site na studs na mkpụrụ.
N'elu ala nke isi cylinder ahụ, a na-eme ihe nkpuchi maka ịkwanye na ngọngọ.Iji hụ na nkwụsị nke ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ na ọwa nke usoro jụrụ oyi, gasket dị n'etiti isi cylinder na ebe azụmahịa.Enwere ike ịme akara site na gaskets ndị a na-emekarị nke paronite, ihe ndị dabeere na rọba, wdg, ma n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị a na-akpọ metal ngwugwu - gaskets dabeere na ọla kọpa na ihe ntinye sịntetik.
A na-emechi akụkụ elu nke isi ya na mkpuchi (ígwè stampụ ma ọ bụ plastik) na olu olu mmanụ na ihe nkwụsị.A na-eme ntinye nke mkpuchi site na gasket.Ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-echebe akụkụ oge, valvụ na isi iyi site na unyi na mmebi, ma na-egbochikwa mmanụ mmanụ mgbe ụgbọ ala na-agagharị.
Nhazi isi cylinder
A na-eme ntinye nke isi cylinder na ngọngọ site na studs ma ọ bụ bolts.Studs na-akacha mma maka ngọngọ aluminom, ebe ha na-enye nkwado a pụrụ ịdabere na ya n'isi ma na-ekesa ihe ndị dị na ahụ nke ngọngọ ahụ.
Isi cylinder nke igwe ikuku jụrụ oyi (moto, skooter na ndị ọzọ) nwere ntù n'elu elu - ọnụnọ nke ntù na-abawanye elu nke isi, na-eme ka ọ dị mma nke ọma site na ikuku na-abịa.
Okwu nke mmezi, nrụzi na nnọchi nke isi cylinder
A na-edobe isi cylinder na ihe ndị a na-etinye na ya n'ibu ibu dị ukwuu, nke na-eduga n'ịbawanye ike na mmebi ha.Dị ka a na-achị, malfunctions nke isi n'onwe ya adịghị adịkarị - ndị a dị iche iche deformations, cracks, mmebi n'ihi corrosion, wdg Maka nnọchi, ị kwesịrị ịhọrọ isi nke otu ụdị na katalọgụ nọmba, ma ọ bụghị na akụkụ ahụ agaghị adaba n'ime. ebe (na-enweghị mgbanwe).
Ọtụtụ mgbe, cylinder isi mmebi na-eme na usoro arụnyere na ya - oge, lubrication, wdg Na-emekarị nke a na-eyi nke oche valvụ na bushings, valves onwe ha, ụgbọala akụkụ, camshaft, wdg N'ọnọdụ ndị a niile, a na-edochi akụkụ ndị na-adịghị mma. ma ọ bụ rụzie ya.Otú ọ dị, n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ụfọdụ ụdị nrụzi na-esi ike ịrụ ọrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịpị na ịpị valve ndu bushings, oche oche valve na ọrụ ndị ọzọ ga-ekwe omume naanị na ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche.
Ekwesịrị itinye nlebara anya pụrụ iche maka ntinye ziri ezi nke isi cylinder ahụ.Ọ dị mkpa icheta na isi cylinder isi gasket bụ ihe mkpofu, a ghaghị ịgbanwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na agbaji isi ya, ntinyeghachi nke akụkụ a adịghị anabata.Mgbe ị na-etinye isi cylinder ahụ, a ga-ahụrịrị usoro ziri ezi nke tightening fasteners (studs ma ọ bụ bolts): na-emekarị ọrụ na-amalite site n'etiti isi na mmegharị gaa n'akụkụ.Site na nke a na-emesi ike, a na-ekesa ibu dị n'isi ma na-egbochi nrụrụ na-adịghị anabata.
N'oge a na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala ahụ, a ga-arụ ọrụ nke isi na usoro ndị dị na ya dị ka ntụziaka na ndụmọdụ nke onye nrụpụta.Site na nrụzi na nrụzi oge, isi cylinder na injin dum ga-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke ọma.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-21-2023